The name Hohokam means “those who have gone” in the Pima language. In these Pueblo cultures, the Hopi, Zuni, Hopi-Tewa and the Keresan Tribes located in New Mexico still practice kachina ceremonial rituals today. The people of two modern tribes-the Pima and the Tohono O’odham-are probably their descendants. a highly practiced religion among historic western Pueblo Indians sponsoring public ceremonies involving masked participants known as katsina and elaborate ritual paraphernalia. There were four or more networks of irrigation canals totaling more than a thousand miles long. Some of the canals were 50 feet wide and 16 miles long. The Salt and Gila Rivers ran year round when the Hohokam built their system of government and katchina-based religion. No one knows why they left or where they went. Fell pointed to the parallels between Pima and Papago and Berber languages. The term Hohokam is said to be Pima for those who have vanished.
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By about 1100 the neighboring Ancestral Pueblo had taught the Hohokam how to build homes from bricks made of adobe (sun-baked clay).ĭuring the early 1400s the Hohokam abandoned their villages. Hohokam culture, prehistoric North American Indians who lived approximately from 200 to 1400 ce in the semiarid region of present-day central and southern Arizona, largely along the Gila and Salt rivers. The Tohono Oodham are ancestors of the Hohokam who lived in southern. They made these houses by digging a shallow pit and covering it with a dome of wood and mud. In 1986, when the Papago tribe formed their own nation, they reclaimed their name. The largest Hohokam settlement was located near what is now Phoenix, Arizona. They built wide canals from the Gila and Salt rivers to their fields so they would have enough water for farming. The soil where they lived was dry and sandy. They also grew cotton, which they wove into cloth. They grew corn, beans, pumpkins, and squash. The Hohokam got most of their food from farming.
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Abbott, ed., Centuries of Decline during the Hohokam Classic Period at Pueblo Grande (Tucson: University of Arizona Press, 2003). The Hohokam people lived in what is now Arizona from about 300 bce to about 1400 ce. Warfare and Religion in the Evolution of Hohokam Political Organization (Paper presented at the 65th Annual Meeting of the Society for American Archaeology, Philadelphia, 2000). The Hohokam culture was one of the first great Native American civilizations in what is now the United States.